Resumos

Adriana Aparecida de Jesus Reis (PPG IEL-UNICAMP)

REIMAGINED CARTOGRAPHIES: THE BLACK ITALY OF AFRO-ITALIAN WRITER IGIABA SCEGO

In contemporary Italy, especially since the 1990s, there has been a growing debate about post-colonial Italian literature on a literary, cultural, social and political levels. This is a movement thought up mainly by women authors, Italians of African descent, who, by unveiling the colonial past exercised by Italy during colonialism in the Horn of Africa region, challenge fixed notions of Italianness/italianità (cf. Giuliani; Lombardi-Diop, 2013) and create a notion of literary belonging, an italianità letteraria. Particularly deserving of merit is the pioneering work of Igiaba Scego, an Italian-Somali author, cultural activist, independent researcher and author of the essay column ‘La spettatrice nera’ (2024), in the Italian newspaper La Stampa. Her writing, in this sense, is otlined by a literary and affective cartography, intersecting two cities, Rome and Mogadishu, the capital of Italy and Somalia respectively; a symbolic representation of her crossroads identity (cf. Scego, 2018) or Afro-European identity (cf. Hogarth, 2023). This works aims to analyse the cross-representations of these two cities in two works by the Afro-Italian writer Igiaba Scego, La mia casa è dove sono and Adua. This will require the theoretical and critical considerations of Milton Santos (1980), Igiaba Scego (2014), Grada Kilomba (2019) and Bonaventure Soh Bejeng Ndikung (2024). By re-signifying the monumentalisation of Rome, cropping black experiences and memories linked to the colonial past, Scego maps a Black Italy and establishes crossed epistemes between body and territory, which contributes to the broadening of interdisciplinary intersections towards understanding the new literary movement inaugurated by these Afro-diasporic writings.

Beatriz Santos Pontes (PPG Ciências Sociais UFSM)

AFRODIASPORIC CULTURAL HERITAGES: MEMORIES AND MEANINGS

The post-abolition period in Brazil is mainly characterised by the mobilisation and historic legacy of Africans and their processes of forced enslavement, which compelled them to build new Africas around the world. The colonialist legacy of silencing is confronted and rectified by memory through the plasticity of cultural heritages that vivify a history of struggle for the abolition of slavery and recount black itineraries that are re-signified in contemporary times.  From a perspective of valuing the right to the city, to memory and to cultural heritage, it becomes essential to map monuments that reveal the actions and strategies in the field of public history and heritage carried out in Portugal and that serve as a ballast in the structuring of a history forgotten and jaded by colonialist power. To unveil these paths is to bring to light the forms of social and political mobilisation, characterised above all by the valorisation of Afro-diasporic memory and heritage. The artistic manifestations spearheaded by different black collectives keep Afro-diasporic ancestry alive, considering the countless strategies of resistance, which are linked to the idea of human emancipation and an equitable becoming, echoing that black roots also sprout in Brazilian and Portuguese lands.

Djean Ribeiro (FLUP/UFBA)

MEMORIES OF RELIGIOUS INTERVENTIONS BY TERREIRO COMMUNITIES IN PLACES OF INCARCERATION

This is a doctoral thesis in progress at the Postgraduate Programme in Psychology at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), with a doctoral internship at the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Porto (UP). The research investigates the narratives of famílias de santo whose members have been deprived of their liberty, focusing on religious interventions based on the right to religious assistance in the prison context. Using Constructionist Social Psychology as a theoretical framework (Keneth Gergen, 2011; Mary Spink, 2010), the study addresses the concept of memory, with an emphasis on the social memory of Félix Vásquez (2001) and dialogue with the ideas of Leda Martins (2003), especially on memory, the body and orality in Afro-Brazilian communities. The research adopts a methodology inspired by the Family History of Portuguese anthropologist João Pina Cabral (2005), with a focus on recovering “lines of memory” through a biographical archaeological approach. In a context where the Brazilian prison system is strongly marked by the presence of evangelical discourses, often discriminatory, and considering the history of persecution suffered by terreiro communities, the study seeks to understand the experiences of leaders, members and family members of these communities in the interventions carried out in institutions of deprivation of liberty. This analysis is essential to understanding how these religious memories and practices are preserved and experienced in an environment of religious discrimination and rights violations.

Felipe Rosa Müller (Unilasalle/ UFRGS)

HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE BARÁ OF THE MARKET AS SOCIAL MEMORY: A BOURDIEUSIAN REFLECTION ON THE FIELD OF MUNICIPAL LEGISLATION IN PORTO ALEGRE IN CONTEMPORARY TIMES

This paper will deal with a full article published in the Proceedings of the 7th Sociology of Law (2023), a biennial international event organised by La Salle University in Canoas - RS (Brazil). The African diaspora brought to Brazil different nations and the religious cult of African deities, among them the so-called Orixás. This black religiosity is socially stigmatised, even by the state, in processes of symbolic violence and domination, without any effort to understand the foundations of ancestral belief. From a human rights perspective, the question arises: what is the importance of Bará do Mercado as an intangible cultural asset (a place of worship consecrated to a deity with the materialisation of religious elements of black Nagô ancestry) for Afro-Gaucha religiosity, and how is it regulated by the municipality in contemporary times? The aim is to bring the educational community closer to the cult of the Orixás practised in Batuque in Rio Grande do Sul, with a view to raising awareness of the importance of the cultural immateriality of Bará do Mercado as an instrument of social memory. The methodological paradigm consists of qualitative research of an applied nature, with an explanatory objective, deductive method, using the indirect documentary technique of bibliographical research. Using the triangulation of the Anthropology of Religion, Social Memory and Legal Sociology, the research is based on reflexive sociology and the concepts of domination and symbolic violence developed by Pierre Bourdieu. It is clear that the dominated agents never allow themselves to be totally subjugated, they always resist oppression in one way or another.

Jane de Jesus Soares (UFBA/ PPGNEIM)

BLACK WOMEN IN THE 19TH CENTURY IN THE PARISH OF SÉ, SALVADOR

This paper aims to study the family, focusing on family arrangements headed by black women, using the city of Salvador in the 19th century (1850-1888) as a time frame. In my research, I sought to understand the social conditions, strategies, and trades that have developed in everyday life in order to give visibility to these anonymous social authors. To do this, I tried to reconstruct the social geography of the city of Salvador, especially the parish of Sé, by looking at the data in the 1855 and 1872 censuses relating to this parish, particularly those relating to families and black women heads of household. I used historical demography as a methodological resource to analyse the 1855 census lists using historical demography. I also worked with wills in an attempt to add elements to this analysis. I tried to delve deeper into the relationship of affection between mothers and children, what tensions and conflicts were generated by the headship of the family, and also the relationship with men (fathers or others). In doing so, I wanted to give visibility to the daily lives of these “flesh and blood” women in the parish of Sé in the mid-19th century. This paper aims to communicate the research results presented at the 23rd National History Symposium (ANPUH Nacional), Maranhão, in 2023.

Livia Dubon Bohlig (Kingston University London)

"ADWA", AN EXAMPLE OF THE ORAL AS A DECOLONISED METHOD IN MUSEUM

This paper explores Adwa, a curatorial interpretation developed during the L'Orecchio Teso, L'Occhio Sordo doctorate of professional practice at Kingston University London. The project investigates new ontologies and ethical practices to approach colonial photographs of black female bodies, with a focus on the collection of the former Colonial Museum of Rome (1923-1971), known as IsIAO. As a racialised, non-black Latina raised in Italy, the project stems from a personal need to question identity narratives and racist notions of nationality. Adwa proposes an autoethnographic dialogue with the portrait of a black girl from the IsIAO collection, exploring oral and affective epistemologies as decolonised methodologies. Inspired by authors such as Hampâté Bâ, Saidiya Hartman, Tina Campt and Bonaventure Ndikung, this curatorial work combines sensory ethnography, sound therapy and neuroscience, seeking a decolonised approach to archival and museum practices.

Rafael Campos (FBAUP| DEA | I2ADS)

APARIÇÃO "PORTUGAL PEQUENINO": SCIENTIFIC ARTISTIC STRATEGY FOR THE DE-ALIENATION OF THE BODY/TERRITORY

The artistic research will analyse the relationship between the body and the city, specifically blackness and the creation of public spaces, with the general aim of promoting research that challenges structural racism, violence and erasure imposed on black bodies/territories. Through Performance/Appearance, corpographies will be constructed (cartographies with and on the body in and of the city) that reflect on how spatialities, affections and cultural expressions constitute black physical and existential territories. The visual narratives seek to promote the disalienation of the ancestral tiger Tuca Malungo and of places marked by social trauma in Florianópolis, Porto and Coimbra (park Portugal dos Pequenitos - Portugal of the Little Ones). It problematises ethnic-racial crossings in the memory of urban constitution in a dialectical way between Brazil and Portugal, a scientific/artistic practice of anti-racist resistance that seeks to promote the overcoming of trauma and the de-alienation of territorial bodies. The title of the proposed appearance at the Linha de Fuga festival in Coimbra, in which Tuca Malungo problematised the “Portugal dos Pequenitos” theme park  was built during the Estado Novo (1940s) as a pedagogical and tourist space and constitutes an infantilised colonial narrative, which, according to the Coimbra City Council website, invites children to play in interaction with “reality”. Colonialism is relived, the former invaded territories are represented in a stereotypical and violent way, sculptures of black men with huge red lips and no clothes represent Afro-descendants as primitive and exotic, the illusion of a civilising mission, a “good coloniser” and the discovery of countries is evident. A fanciful narrative that is easily dismantled by analysing the racism that reverberates in the park.

Raquel de Oliveira Mendes (PPG Public Policies at UFABC/Social Worker at UFS/PhD mobility student at CEIS 20 UC)

STUDENT PERMANENCE IN PUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION IN BRAZIL AND PORTUGAL: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

This research proposal aims to analyse the implementation of policies, programmes and services for the inclusion, permanence and success of students who entered through socio-racial quotas at Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology (IFETs). In Brazil, IFETs are part of the Federal Education Institutions (IFEs), which include both Institutes and Federal Universities (UFs). However, they differ from the UFs in that they are responsible for carrying out Brazilian professional and technological education (PTE), the modality of which goes beyond undergraduate and postgraduate courses (as universities primarily offer) and offer secondary and technical education in a subsequent, integrated and/or concomitant manner. Because of this format for organising Brazilian federal public education, the legislation that advocates permanence and student assistance is the same as that governing all the IFEs. Furthermore, the main educational strategy that aims to “expand the conditions for young people to remain in federal public education”, with a focus on minimising inequalities, permanence and student success, is the National Student Assistance Programme (PNAES), which is implemented through services, actions and similar policies, coexisting in the IFEs.
There has been a change in the profile of students entering the IFE's, not only because of the PNAES, but also (and mainly) because of changes in the way they access the institutions through the racial quotas law. However, the problem surrounding the permanence of Brazilian students concerns the gap between the implementation/monitoring of the Quotas Law and student permanence. In the case of Portugal, as in Brazil, there are national rules that regulate the so-called student social action, focussing exclusively on economically vulnerable students who enter Portuguese universities. In this scenario, questions have arisen around understanding how student social action unfolds in the permanence of students at Portuguese public universities. It is worth noting the relevance that these questions can bring to a comparative study of student retention policies and actions between Brazil and Portugal.