Introduction
The aim of this manual is to establish the guidelines for the researchers involved in the Project on "Reinventing Social Emancipation." It takes into account the following:

• The Project’s objectives and forms of concretization;
• Useful information about the functioning of the project;
• Rules for the formatting and presentation of papers for circulation among researchers, as well as for further publication of results;
• Rules for the presentation of expense documents.

Index

1. Aims of the Project 
2. Countries and Research Themes 
3. Project administration 
4. Country Coordinators 
5. Researchers and case studies 
6. Coordinators of thematic areas 
7. Interviewers and interviewees of "voices of the world" 
8. Calendar 
9. Information concerning the articles 
   1. Rules for making results known
   2. Translation of texts
   3. Rules for the presentation of papers
      1. Length of texts
      2. Formatting texts
      3. Bibliographic references
10. Communication 
    1. Languages
    2. Electronic communication
       1. Information about e-mail
       2. Information about the mailing list
       3. Information about the Web page
11. Bibliography 
    1. Bibliographic database
    2. North/South Library
12. Information concerning expenses 
    1. Travel expenses for meetings
    2. Research expenses

1. Aims of the Project

All over the world, the ongoing hegemonic processes of exclusion face all kinds of resistance, such as popular initiatives, local organizations and popular movements. These forms of resistance fight social exclusion and open up new spaces for democratic participation, the reconstruction of community, and alternatives to the dominant forms of knowledge and development. In a word, they fight for social inclusion. However, not much is known about such forms of resistance, since they don’t speak the language of dominant globalization and are often presented as fighting against globalization itself. The main aim of this Project is to explore and test the possibilities of counter-hegemonic globalization. Conceived of as a self-reflective project, it seeks to develop a counter-hegemonic constellation of knowledges and guidelines for social action. Such knowledges and guidelines are expected to constitute the core of new manifestos, that is to say, of political programs for the reinvention of social emancipation.

Another objective of this Project is to produce social theory from the South, meaning from the periphery and semiperiphery of the international scientific community. We believe that the theory thus produced is not only far more adequate to deal with the analytical and political needs of the periphery and semiperiphery of the world system, where the overwhelming majority of the world’s population lives, but also that it carries considerable potential to renovate social theory as a whole. Bearing in mind the aforementioned objectives, the research conducted in the course of this Project shall focus on four main components:

1. realistic utopias and emerging realities;
2. sociologies of counter-hegemony;
3. "voices of the world";
4. symposia of new manifestos.

The research shall be carried out through case studies, analytical papers, in-depth interviews, and symposia.

The case studies concern intensive research on initiatives or movements focused on one or more of the Project’s themes. An interdisciplinary and inter-thematic approach will be privileged (even when focusing on one theme alone, the case study in question should relate intertextually with other themes). All case studies are co-coordinated by the country coordinator and the Project’s director. In the course of the Project, we hope to generate analytical and theoretical affinities amongst all the researchers involved.

The analytical papers prepared by the researchers of the different countries are not intended to present a complete and detailed analysis of the theme dealt with, but rather to draw an analytical and political map of the challenges brought about, in each country, by hegemonic and counter-hegemonic globalization concerning that particular theme.

In-depth interviews regarding "voices of the world" should engage leaders and activists of social movements in each country and be conducted in a language in which the interviewee feels comfortable. They will be transcribed and translated later. The possibility of recreating the interview as a self-reflective narrative is left to the interviewer’s discretion.

The organization of meetings and symposia intends to create a broader forum for discussion. Nonetheless, interaction amongst the Project’s researchers, whether in the country of origin itself or involving all the different countries, will be accomplished by several other means. Exchange of information and ideas, as well as scientific debate among all researchers by electronic means (e-mail, the web page, the mailing list) shall be privileged above all. Thus, the work produced in the course of the Project—papers or any other materials—shall be made electronically available to all the other researchers. The sharing and exchanging of bibliographies is of particular importance.

2. Countries and Research Themes

This Project privileges semiperipheral countries, that is, countries of intermediate development that, at the level of the capitalist global system, function as intermediaries between core countries and peripheral countries. Due to these structural characteristics, these intermediary countries are particularly unstable in social and political terms. They also tend to be more significantly affected by the currents and counter currents of globalization. For this reason and also because of the relative distance they create vis-à-vis the center and the periphery, these countries are particularly important for the study of the contradictions, tensions, conflicts, and compromises amongst the different forms of globalization.

Semiperipheral countries from different continents have been selected for this Project: Brazil, Colombia, India and South Africa and Portugal. Finally, Mozambique has been included as an example of a peripheral country, with a view to widening the comparative scope of the linkages between the local and the global, which are crucial for the Project.
  * for information concerning these countries click here

On the basis of the already mentioned methodologies scholars of these countries will carry out the research on the following themes:

• Participatory Democracy
• Alternative Production Systems
• Emancipatory Multiculturalism, Justices and Citizenships
• Biodiversity, Rival Knowledges and Intellectual Property Rights
• New Labor Internationalism

Project Administration

The Center for Social Studies of the University of Coimbra (CES) is in charge of the administrative and financial management of this Project.

Director and scientific coordinator

Boaventura de Sousa Santos

Administrative and financial secretariat

Sílvia Ferreira

Secretariat for scientific and documentary support

Maria Paula Meneses and Ana Cristina Santos

The Project's director is assisted by the secretariat in the following functions:

1. To direct and supervise the research to be conducted in the ambit of the Project;
2. To coordinate the scientific and administrative activities of the Project from its headquarters at CES, namely regarding the regular submission of scientific and financial reports to the funding institution;
3. To take part, in collaboration with the country coordinators, in the selection of researchers;
4. To identify, together with the country coordinators, both the case studies and the researchers to carry out the research;
5. To develop, together with the researchers engaged in the case studies, the analytical framework of these studies;
6. To select, together with the country coordinators, the interviewees regarding “voices of the world,” as well as the researchers to conduct the interviews;
7. To collect all the papers produced in the ambit of the Project and prepare them for publication, in collaboration with the country and theme coordinators;
8. To coordinate all the activities related to the creation of the North/South library.

4. Country Coordinators

Each country has a coordinator with the following main functions:

1. To be the Project’s privileged interlocutor in the country in question and to supervise the ongoing research;
2. To be the interface between the Project’s director and the country’s researchers;
3. To take a prominent role in selecting:
   • the case studies and the researchers for carrying them out;
   • the researchers trusted with preparing the analytical paper for each one of the five themes;
   • the interviewers and interviewees for “voices of the world;”
4. To prepare one of the themes of the analytical papers or to carry out one of the interviews;
5. To organize the director’s visit locally and to plan the meetings;
6. To assist the director in preparing the materials for publication;
7. To help with the bibliographical list for the North/South library.

The country coordinators are the following:

South Africa	Sakhela Buhlungu
Brazil	Maria Célia Paoli
Colombia	Maurício Garcia Villegas
India	Achyut Yagnik, Shalini Randeria
Mozambique	Teresa Cruz e Silva
Portugal	Boaventura de Sousa Santos, João Arriscado Nunes

5. Researchers and case studies

The analytical papers and case studies shall be produced by social scientists from the countries included in the Project. The papers’ analytical and methodological conception is to be defined in consultation with the country coordinator, the theme coordinator, and the Project's director.

The pre-final version of the paper, that is, a version only open to changes or revisions resulting from the comments by other colleagues and from the debates in the first symposium, must be received at CES by August 30, 2000, the final version by February 28, 2001.
  * for information on authors and research topics click here
  * for a list of the researchers with their contacts and CV’s click here

6. Coordinators of thematic areas

In the course of the first Coimbra symposium (2000), all researchers engaged in a thematic area shall appoint a theme coordinator. The role of the theme coordinator is to promote the discussion of that particular theme amongst all the researchers involved and to provide bibliographical and editorial assistance.

7. Interviewers and interviewees of "voices of the world"

The researcher selected for "voices of the world" shall carry out in-depth interviews with leaders or activists of social movements. In the interviews, particular attention shall be paid to the interviewees’ self-reflectivity as regards the difficulties and potentialities of the linkages between the global and the local, as well as to the inter-thematic relations of the collective action of subordinated groups.

8. Calendar

The crucial dates of the Project are:

1999	June 3-5	First Meeting of Country Coordinators (Coimbra)
	August 11	National Meeting - Brazil (São Paulo)
	November 22	National Meeting - South Africa (Johannesburg)
	November 24	National Meeting – Mozambique (Maputo)
2000	February 5	National Meeting – Portugal (Coimbra)
	February 24	National Meeting – Colombia (Bogotá)
	April 24	National Meeting – India (New Delhi)
	August 30	Pre-final version of the papers
	November 23-26	First Symposium
2001	February 28	Final version of the papers and final version of the Voices of the World
	?	Second Symposium

  * for further information concerning the project’s calendar click here

9. Information concerning the articles

9.1. Rules for making results known
The papers produced in the ambit of this Project must be unpublished originals and remain unpublished for an 18-month period after the conclusion of the Project (December 31, 2001). If during this period they remain unpublished in the ambit of the Project, the copyright will revert to the authors, although they may be published as part of the Project after that date.

Any independent publication of a paper must state that it was originally produced for the Project "Reinventing Social Emancipation", and that the research was funded by the MacArthur Foundation.

9.2. Translation of texts
The texts must be presented in English and in Portuguese or Spanish. When the papers are in English in the original, the secretariat will provide a translation in Portuguese.

The English translation of texts originally in Portuguese or Spanish should be sent to the secretariat one month after the deadline for the submission of the original texts. If researchers cannot at all provide a translation of their texts, the secretariat will take care of it in Coimbra. Researchers writing in Portuguese or Spanish are advised to have their texts translated in their own countries in order to ensure the accuracy of the translation. Since the Project has a limited budget for translation, please contact the secretariat for further information about translation fees.

9.3. Rules for presentation of papers
Whenever possible, the drafts and final copies of all papers must be e-mailed to emancipa@sonata.fe.uc.pt. In case this means cannot be used, the typescript must be received in a diskette by (snail)mail.

Pictures and graphs must be sent as a separate file (a file for each picture), the paper indicating clearly where they are to be inserted. The pictures, if sent by e-mail, must be saved preferably using the Power Point program (i.e., as a *.ppt file).

The graphs, figures, tables, maps, and photographs to be included in the text must be of good enough quality to allow for adequate reproduction. Preferably, colors should be avoided. Image resolution should be between 600 and 1200 dpi so as to allow for a fine resolution.

9.3.1. Length of texts
The final papers must not exceed 30 pages, that is, about 10,000 words (format specified in 9.3.2) and must be written in one of the three following languages: Portuguese, Spanish or English.

9.3.2. Formatting texts
Texts should be formatted according to the following guidelines:

Paper	A4
Type	Times New Roman 12. Bold and italics not to be used in main text.
Pages	Double-spacing in text and text justified. At the beginning of sentences avoid using enter or tab.
Author and title	The article should start with the author’s name, followed by the article’s title, both on the left, justified in Times New Roman 12. Subdivision of titles mustn't exceed 3 digits.
Quotations	Quotations of 4 or more lines must be single spaced, left margin indented 5 characters, no indentation on the right margin. Quotations shorter than 4 lines shall be presented between inverted commas ("...").
Inverted Commas	To emphasize some word or expression in the text, use "...". When you want to emphasize a word inside a quotation, then use '...'.
Margins	3 cm on left and top, 2.5 cm on right and bottom.
Pagination	Arabic figures to the top right of header.
Footnotes	Bottom of page, consecutively numbered, single-spaced, justified and point 10 (Times New Roman). At the beginning of sentences avoid using enter or tab.
Footer	The footer must include the following information: author, abbreviated thematic area, date, and indication if paper is in draft or final version. Ex.: Felismino/bio/17.03.00/draft.

The abbreviatures to be used in the footer are as follows:

• demo - Participatory democracy
• prod - Alternative production systems
• multi - Emancipatory Multiculturalism, Justices and Citizenship
• bio - Biodiversity, Rival Knowledges and Intellectual Property Rights
• labor - New Labor Internationalism

9.3.3. Bibliographic references
The Project uses parenthetical references in the text in the following form:

• Citation of a specific book page. Ex.: (Offe, 1985: 37).
• Citation of an article included in an edited book. Ex.: (Wilensky, 1987).
• Citation of an article from a journal. Ex.: (Béteille, 1998).
• Citation of several articles and/or books by the same authors published in the same year. Ex.: (Kehoe, 1982a, 1982b).
• Citation of a reference obtained from a web page. Ex: (Barlow, 1993).

The form for citation of references at the end of the text is as follows:

• Barlow, J.P. (1993), Selling wine without bottles: the economy of mind on the global net (http://www.eff.org/pub/Intellectual property), accessed 1 January 1996.
• Béteille, A. (1998), "The idea of indigenous people", Current Anthropology, 39(2), 187-191.
• Offe, C. (1985), Disorganised Capitalism. Cambridge: Massachusetts: MIT Press.
• Wilensky, H. (1987), "Comparative social policy: theories, methods, findings" in M. Dierkes and A. Antal (eds.), Comparative Policy Research: Learning From Experience. Aldeshot: Gower, 23-34.

• "The True Story of Coca-Cola", New York Times, 5 October 1991, 22-23.

• Ozick, Cynthia. Letter. Times, 12 August 1988, 9.

• "The next alien", X-Files. CNN, 1 April 2000.

• It’s a Wonderful World. Dir. Frank Capra. RKO, 1946.

• Scott, Mary, Letter to the author. 2 February 1975.
• Stuart, Jimmy, E-mail to the author. 29 November 1999.

• Ramos, Helder, Personal interview. 3 June 1994.

10. Communication

10.1. Languages
The on-ongoing communication involving the Project director, the secretariat, country coordinators, theme coordinators, and local researchers will be carried out in English and Portuguese.

During the symposia, and for e-mail messages, the languages used will be English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Translation for Portuguese-English, English-Portuguese, and Spanish-English shall be made available.

10.2. Electronic communication
Since the aim of this Project is to promote the interaction of scholars from different areas of the world, electronic communication shall be privileged above all. Electronic communication makes it possible to be in touch with anyone who has an e-mail address. An electronic message (e-mail) can include, besides a plain text, other files, such as images, and databases.

We recommend that each researcher have at least 10 Megabytes of space available in her/his e-mail account at the local server, to avoid problems in the circulation of attached files containing research papers (especially when these attached files contain images, graphics, etc.).

10.2.1. Information about e-mail addresses
The e-mail address of the Project’s coordinating office and secretariat is the following: emancipa@sonata.fe.uc.pt
All the messages related to the Project should be sent to this address. The most important messages exchanged between the coordinators, the participants, and the director of the Project should also be sent to the secretariat to be filed. To this end, the e-mail address of the Project should be entered in the field Cc. The e-mail program used by the secretariat is Outlook Express.

10.2.2. Information about the mailing list
The Project has a mailing list to which every researcher subscribes. Through this electronic mailing list each Project researcher will be able to share information which will be automatically distributed on a regular basis to all other participants. The information exchanged in this mailing list will be, for example, about the on-going Project activities, scientific papers, and other relevant scientific information, organizational aspects, etc. This list will also promote the exchange of comments on scientific papers and scientific discussions among the Project participants.

Through the Project's mailing list, researchers can send and receive information that is automatically distributed to all other list users. In order to send a message to all the researchers subscribing to the Project's mailing list, just use the following e-mail: emancipa-list@sonata.fe.uc.pt

All the texts produced under the scope of this Project (even as draft versions) and other significant papers will circulate on this mailing list. The researchers will be invited to comment on each of these papers. Comments should be sent by e-mail to the mailing list. The subject field must contain the paper’s identification as previously indicated (9.3.2). The text must mention if it is a draft or a final version of the work (ex: Felismino/bio/17.03.00/draft).

Concerning the circulation of texts in attachment, researchers are advised to send the texts by e-mail to the Project’s secretariat and not to the list. The secretariat will then send it to the list. This recommendation has to do with the need to prevent the transmission of viruses through the list, which can cause serious damage.

The scientific discussions that take place among the subscribers of the list will be made available online through the Project's Web Page.

10.2.3. Information about the Web Page

The Project's page on the Internet can be accessed through the following address: http://www.ces.fe.uc.pt/emancipa/ where you can chose the Portuguese or English version.

This page contains information about the Project, namely its description and objectives, the identification of the participants, their contacts and CVs, the identification of the themes under research, the bibliography recommended by researchers, links to other relevant sites, general information about the countries involved, etc.

The page has an area of restricted access, open only to the researchers in the Project, where the abstracts, texts, scientific discussions, information about past or future activities, the researcher’s manual, etc., will be available online. Access to this area can be had by choosing a link and filling in the user name and password in the appropriate field. At this moment, there is a restricted area in research which can be accessed through the menu "Themes" and the sub-menu "Research".

The user name is: res
The password is: gvmtdf

Please note: for security reasons it is very important that you comply with the following rules:

• Never disclose the combination user name/password indicated above;
• Always quit the program (Netscape or Explorer) after visiting the page, especially if other people use the computer. The access to the restricted area will remain open after you introduce the codes, regardless of the areas where you move or even if you access other Internet sites.

11. Bibliography

11.1. Bibliographic Database
The Project's bibliographic database will be available for all the researchers and will circulate periodically on the Project’s mailing list.

Each researcher involved in the Project has been asked to select 10 articles on subjects related to her/his thematic area, preferably produced in her/his country, and to send them to the project’s secretariat. Thus, the Project’s bibliographic database, which is organized by topics, contains reference articles selected and sent by the researchers as well as other relevant texts, including texts produced by the researchers themselves.
  * click here for the bibliographic database

The researchers can request xerox copies of articles to be mailed to them by the secretariat. A limited budget for such expenses is provided for by the Project.

11.2. North/South Library
The North/South Library is a project of the Center for Social Studies which provides more reference sources for the expansion of the Project’s database. It is a library of journals published in Latin America, Africa, and Asia, as well as journals that, although published in Europe and North America, deal with problems and issues of the South (and preferably from a Southern perspective).

The objective is to make available to researchers and visitors at CES a collection of scholarly journals that are less easily accessible, because they are produced outside the hegemonic centers. This library has journals that focus on the themes and countries included in the Project and is accessible to the researchers of the Project.

12. Information concerning expenses

12.1. Travel expenses for meetings
CES will cover all the expenses of transportation, accommodation, and food. The air tickets will be issued by CES and sent to the researcher in her/his country. CES will also take care of hotel reservations. The researcher does not need to pay for accommodations, since the bill will be sent directly to CES. Non-local calls, alcoholic beverages, and laundry are not included in the expenses to be paid by CES.

Other expenses (meals, transportation by train, taxi, etc.) related to trips to Portugal will be paid by the Project upon the presentation of a receipt (recibo) or invoice (factura). The researcher should request that the receipt be written in the name of

Centro de Estudos Sociais (CES), Coimbra
Número de Contribuinte: 500 825 840 (Taxpayer´s number)

In order to be valid, the receipt has to include not only the client's name, location, and taxpayer's number (Centro de Estudos Sociais), but also the supplier's name, location, and taxpayer's number. Please note that train tickets are not accepted as receipts. Therefore, you must ask for a receipt when you buy the ticket.

The following is an example of a taxi receipt:

12.2. Research Expenses
Research expenses incurred by the researchers in the ambit of the Project must also have a receipt which should be as similar as possible to the type of receipt that is valid in Portugal. In this case, receipts may be written either in the researcher’s name or in the name of the "Centro de Estudos Sociais".